The clearest instance I can show you is on this site: German and English search in Pattaya are two different markets, published with the permission of the owner of Oasis Real Estate in Pattaya, whose site the research looks at.
Two of the findings there came directly out of the reflexes above, and neither would have come out of a keyword list.
The first is check 2. Every result winning the German-language district searches carried a building name, a unit count and a price range. That is not a content style, it is a page built from a database, and it is why a written district guide loses those searches no matter how well it is written. I went looking at what the winning pages published rather than at what they ranked for, because the price and the unit count are what a buyer is deciding on.
The second is check 5, and it was the result I did not expect. Google's AI Overview for the German phrase for a German-speaking property broker in Pattaya does not return sites. It returns four names of people, each with a line on what they specialise in. The question a buyer is asking there is who to trust, not which site is best optimised, and being named is a different problem from ranking.
There is one thing that research does not show, and it belongs here rather than in a footnote: no engagement took place. It is a review of a public site, run at the owner's request, from public pages, public page source and live search results.